Types of arthrosis: symptoms and methods of treatment

Arthrosis is a chronic joint disease accompanied by pathological changes in hyaline cartilage and then in adjacent tissues, a joint capsule and a synovial shell.

The defeat is a dyspanced and degenerative nature, leading to a change in the structure of joint tissues, to the loss of their functionality.In accordance with the same statistics, arthrosis applies to 12% of the total population of the planet.From 62% to 65% of all episodes of the disease, it falls over 65%.

In the pathology, an additional 30-35% of the cases of joint damage are in patients with 40-60 year olds.And approx.3% are 20-40 years old.

What is it?

Simple words: Arthrosis is a chronic disease in which progressive degenerative-dynish changes in the joint are developed due to metabolic violations.This is the most common common pathology, diagnosed in 6-7% of the population.With age, incidence increases dramatically.

Most often in arthrosis, the small joints of the brush are involved in the pathological process (more often in women than in men), legs of the leg, chest and cervical spine joints, and knees and hip joints.The knee and hip joints are a leading place for the severity of clinical manifestations and the negative effect on quality of life.

Arthrosis is characterized by a comprehensive damage to joint and complementary tools:

• Chondritis - inflammatory changes in the artificial cartilage;
• Ostezitis - Participation in the subject of bone structures;
• Synovitis - inflammation of the inner shell of the joint capsule;
• Funeral - defeat of Perioseman bags;
• Reactive inflammation of the soft tissues (muscles, subcutaneous fiber, league devices) is located in projection of the affected joint (periarticular inflammation).

The disease is detected in 2%of people under 45, from 30%at the age of 45-64 and 65-85%aged 65 or older.The biggest clinical significance is because they have a negative effect on the standard of living and the ability of patients, the arthrosis of the limbs in the limbs.

Arthritis

Depending on the cause of the pathological process, primary arthrosis, secondary and idiopathic can be distinguished inside the joint.

The primary independent disease develops as a secondary disease as a result of injury or infection, and the cause of the idiopathic form is unknown.In addition to classification of the disease, depending on the cause of the pathological process, arthrosis can be distinguished instead of localization of devastating changes:

1. Gonarthrosis is the most common type of pathology characterized by damage to the knee joints.Most often gonarthrosis is detected in excessive people, chronic metabolic diseases in the body and poor immunity.The knee arthrosis progresses for a long time and gradually leads to the complete loss of motor function.
2. The main causes of degenerative processes in the shoulder joint arthrosis in this area, the congenital disorders of the shoulder joint or excessive loads, for example, are wearing heavy treasures on the shoulder.
3. Ankle arthrosis - the main causes of developing degenerative processes of the ankle joint injuries, dislocations, stretching, fractures.In some cases, the development of the pathological process can provoke autoimmune disease - rheumatoid arthritis.Ankle arthrosis is prone to dancers, high heels, and athletes.

4. The cervical region of unkarthrosis or arthrosis - causes of cervical injuries, osteochondrosis, obesity, and inactive lifestyle progress.People working on a computer are in danger in offices.In addition to severe cervical pain, patients also pronounce dizziness, inhibition of consciousness, memory damage and fatigue.These symptoms are given from the compression of the spinal artery through which nutrients and oxygen enter the brain.
5. Coksartrosis or hip arthrosis - the main reason for the occurrence of age -related changes in the joint tissues.People over 45 are at risk.
6. The fingers are osteoarthrosis - it develops for the same reason as spondylarthrosis.
7. Polyrthrosis - It is characterized by damage to multiple joints, which contain progressive degenerative processes, while leagues, muscles and tissue joints are involved in the pathological process.
8. Spondylarthrosis - The devastating destruction is subjected to the tissues of the spinal column, namely the lumbar class.In a woman's risk group during the occurrence of menopause, as spondylarthosis progresses in the background of the lack of female sex hormones.

The joint reasons

The development of arthrosis is facilitated by two reasons - the lack of load and total nutrition that provides vitamins and minerals for tissue recovery.The joints of each person carry loads.Athletes and dancers, with physical work, have a greater load on their feet, which means that the bone joints are worn faster and require high quality nutrition.With a relaxed lifestyle, the supporting device is more slowly wearing, but also requires intermittent renewal of tissues.

Therefore, the main prerequisite for destroying and deformation of joints is the lack of lower levels of nutrition and failure to disassemble useful components, which are often found in metabolic disorders.

We list the factors that contribute to the abrasion of joint compounds and metabolic disorders:

• Muscle weakness and inadequate burden on joints.The weakening of one or more muscle increases the load on the joint and distributes it unevenly in the skeleton.Incorrect muscle load develops for flat legs, skoliosis, so with these "harmless" diseases that are at age, the cartilage tissues are worn out and arthrosis appears.
  

  The likelihood of arthrosis increases with strong physical effort.

  If the daily load exceeds the abilities of the bone tissue, microtraumas are formed in them.Thickening occurs at the site of injury that increases over time and deforms the joint;

• Metabolic disorders (gastrointestinal disease - bile stagnation, dysbiosis, gastritis, cholecystitis, pancreatitis, metabolic disease - diabetes);
• Psychosomatic Causes - The psychosomatic of arthrosis confirms that the cause of the disease becomes a negative emotional state.Stress is a muscle cramp, constant stress disrupts the nutrition of all tissues (internal organs, bones, joints);
• Heritage (a type of metabolism inherited and possible violations, predisposition to muscle weakness, or incorrect development of the bone device, for poor digestion - this is the basis for old age).

Arthrosis is a disease of worn joints that have lost significant supply of minerals and the ability to compensate for loads and destruction.Therefore, at age, the predisposition to the disease increases.After 70 years, arthrosis is diagnosed with every second retiree.Since the maximum load falls on the leg (one person moves - walks, racks, runs, jumps), here it is that the first signs of arthrosis are formed.

A mechanism of progression of disease

If any of the reasons that provoke arthrosis and joint disease, the pathological processes will develop.The mechanism of their progression is not completely examined, but the main stages of official medicine are known.

In the initial stages, the structure of the cartilage tissue and the abnormal changes in the synovial fluid occur.All this is due to a violation of metabolism processes in which the joint tissues do not receive the necessary components in sufficient quantities or deprive them.

The elasticity of the collagen fibers and the elasticity of the cartilage are then lost, as the lack of nutrients does not have time to produce the softness and elasticity of the structural composition of the collagen fibers.The cartilage gradually dries, fragile and cracks.The fluid of the synovial capsule gradually exhausts and later disappears completely.

The cartilage tissue is formed with roughness, solid bone tumors.At the same time, deformation of other joint tissues develops, their abnormal degeneration, dystrophy and loss of physiological activity.For the patient, these changes are the appearance of pain, lameness and joint mobility.

Joint symptoms

Arthrosis is not characterized by an acute clinical picture, joint changes are progressive, slowly increasing, showing a gradual increase in symptoms:

• pain;
• Crunching in the affected joint is regularly raised;
• joint deformation that appears and improves as the disease progresses;
• stiffness;
• Restriction of mobility (reducing the amount of active and passive movements in the affected joint)

The pain of arthrosis is stupid when moving to the end of the sun, in the background of the intense load (it may be so intense that it does not allow the patient to fall asleep).In arthrosis, the pain is constant, non -rolled, and indicates the presence of active inflammation (subchondral bone, synovial membrane, league or periarticular muscles).

Most patients noted the presence of so -called starting pains that woke up in the morning, or after long inactivity and occur after motor activity.Many patients define this condition as the need for "joint formation" or "dispersing".

Arthrosis is characterized by morning stiffness, which has a clear localization and short -term (up to 30 minutes), sometimes patients consider the joints as "gel".Perhaps the feeling of jamming, stiffness.

With the development of reactive synovitis, the main symptoms of arthrosis are connected:

• an increase in pain and local temperature determined by the palpation of the affected joint;
• the constant nature of pain;
• Increased joint volume, swelling of the soft tissues;
• Progressive reduction in the amount of movements.

The joint sections and degrees

During the disease, medicine distinguishes the signs of the disease in three stages, the intensity of damage and localization.At the same time, the differences are related to the types of tissues suffering from pathological changes in all three stages.

1. The first degree of joint development of joints is the initial phase of the disease.This is characterized by a mild lesion of cartilage tissue and the loss of physiological functions of collagen fibers.However, in the first stage, minor morphological disorders of the bone tissue and structural changes in the synovial fluid are observed.The joints are covered with cracks and the patient has slight pain instead of localization of pathology.
2. The second degree is the development of arthrosis with the increase in dynamics.This stage is characterized by stable pain and chromium appearance.Noteworthy morphological and dystrophic cartilage can be observed and is discovered by bone growth during the diagnosis.Osteophytes are formed - bone growth, which are visualized during the visual examination of the destructive site.At the same time, the degenerative changes in the synovial capsule occur, which leads to its structural exhaustion.The disease can often worsen and regular at this stage.The pain gradually becomes constant.
3. The third degree is active progression.At this stage, the synovial fluid is almost completely absent due to its degeneration, and the bone tissue is suddenly with each other.Joint mobility is almost completely absent, and the pain becomes more tangible.The cartilage tissue is also missing due to degenerative and atrophic changes.Treatment of the third degree of arthrosis of the joints is not practical.

In addition to developing these three degrees of pathology, there is an irrevocable destruction of all joint tissues.At this stage, not only productive therapy but also pain syndrome is impossible.

The inflammatory process usually begins with a second degree of damage, in rare cases, in the absence of medical intervention in the first stage.It is then difficult to stop and can lead to secondary pathologies, to develop pathogenic microflora instead of localization of the disease.

In order to exclude serious consequences, treatment should start from first degree and the use of intensive care methods.In the final stages of complete destruction of cartilage tissue, only one method is allowed to drive the patient from pain and joint movement - endoprostteticsk with full or partial replacement of joint components.

Consequences

The consequences of early treatment and joint arthrosis are filled with complications as follows:

• disability;
• deformation without healing;
• the appearance of vertebrates;
• the inactivity or mobility of the joint;
• Reducing quality of life and standard of living.

In addition to these complications, the chronic course is intense and frequent pain, complete destruction of the structural components of the joint, discomfort, inability to play physical work and sports.

Diagnosis

Diagnosis of arthrosis is based on the evaluation of anamnic data, the characteristic manifestations of the disease, and the result of instrumental research methods.Indicative changes in general and biochemical blood tests are not typical, but are only developed by developing an active inflammatory process.

The main instrumental method for diagnosing arthrosis is radiography, and is recommended in diagnostically unclear tomography.

The knee and hip joints are a leading place for the severity of clinical manifestations and the negative effect on quality of life.

Further diagnostic methods:

• Atraumatic arthroscopy;
• ultrasound (assessment of joint cartilage thickness, synovial shell, condition of joint bags, presence of fluid);
• Scintigraphy (assessment of the condition of the bone tissue that forms the joint).

How to treat joint treatment?

It is better to treat the joint treatment of the joints at an early stage, and the treatment itself should be pathogenetic and complex.The essence of this is to remove the causes that contribute to the development of the disease, to eliminate inflammatory changes and to restore previously lost functions.

Treatment of arthrosis is based on many principles:

1. The saturation of the joint with oxygen or SO with intraarticular oxygen supply.
2. Therapy with medicines.
3. Intra -Focusing blockade and metaepifiz decompression.
4. Rational approach to nutrition.
5. Damaged joints should be removed from excessive load.If possible, it should usually be minimized during treatment.
6. Following the orthopedic system created.
7. Classes of physiotherapy exercises.
8. The passage of physiotherapy, which includes magnet and electrotherapy, shock wave, and laser therapy.
9. Sanatorium treatment.Once a year, he attends a course in special resorts once a year.

The joint treatment preparations

Medication treatment is performed during the worsening phase of arthrosis, which is selected by a specialist.Self -healing is unacceptable due to possible side effects (for example, the negative effect of non -steroidal anti -inflammatory drugs on the mucosa of the stomach).

Therapy includes the purpose of such drugs:

1. Anti -anti -inflammatory drugs.The beginning of arthrosis is comprehensive, can slow down the course of the disease and greatly improve the quality of life.It is worthwhile to live in more detail at certain treatment points.In particular, treatment with drugs includes the initial stages - this is the removal of pain and the elimination of inflammatory processes in the joints.All doctors use non -steroidal anti -inflammatory drugs.Experienced doctors do not recommend their oral use as these drugs greatly irritate the walls of the stomach.Therefore, depending on the drug you choose, either intravenous or intramuscular administration is used.Occasionally, NSAID -KAT is used in the form of ointment, but their absorption is extremely low, so there is no significant effect.
2. Hormonal corticosteroids.When arthrosis is in the stage of aggravation, hormonal corticosteroids are recommended.They are inserted into the joint.You can use a special repair, ointment or tincture made outwardly made by the pepper burner.
3. Condroprotectors for the restoration of cartilage and to improve the high quality composition of synovial fluid will not be unnecessary.The course lasts quite a long time until the improvement occurs.However, if the expected effect does not appear above a semester trick, the drugs must be deleted.It is also an intra -infant, along with chondroprotectors it is advisable to use drugs based on hyaluronic acid.They contribute to the formation of a cell membrane, which is responsible for the formation of the joint cartilage.

Physiotherapy

Reducing pain, reduction of inflammation, improving microcirculation and eliminating muscle cramps in the patient with arthrosis are aimed at physiotherapy:

• During the worsening phase.Prescribe laser therapy, magnetic therapy and ultraviolet irradiation,
• During the remission stage.Electrophoresis and phonophoresis are visible.

In addition, thermal procedures are used, sulfide, radon and sea baths.Electrical stimulation is carried out to strengthen the muscles.Gentle massage can also be used in the remission phase.

Surgery

It is aimed at surgical treatment of arthrosis with the ineffectiveness of exposure methods in the presence of complications:

1. Decompression of metaepifice and prolonged intraosseous blocks (decrease in intraosseus pressure in the affected area);
2. Correction osteotomy;
3. Activities of the joints.

In the early stages of the disease, mechanical, laser or cold -established debate (smoothing of the surface of the damaged cartilage, removal of non -viable areas) is used.This method effectively stops the pain syndrome, but has been temporary effect-2-3 years.

Folk medicines

In our age, most people do not want to take pills or make injections.That's why they are thinking - how to cure arthrosis with folk drugs?Such funds are largely to increase body sound, improve blood circulation, relieve pain and increase immunity.

Such recipes for traditional medicine are used to treat this disease:

1. The egg solution is made from fresh egg yolk, which is mixed with turpentine and apple vinegar in a ratio of 1: 1: 1: 1.The liquid should be thoroughly mixed and wrinkled with the affected joint all night.Then you have to roll everything with a wool scarf.We recommend that you rub the rubbing 2-3 times a week.
2. The pharmacy is purchased by Eleasil's root.As a general rule, it is faced with 50g packages.It requires half a pack of vegetable roots and 150 ml high quality vodka to make the tincture.The ingredients are mixed, placed in a dark glass and sticks for 12 days.Rubbing before going to bed and if possible in the morning.

3. The use of cooked oatmeal also provides good results.Take three or four spoons of oatmeal, pour boiling water and cook on low heat for five to seven minutes.The amount of water used must ensure the reception of thick oatmeal, which should be cooled and used at night as compression.Use only recently cooked flakes.Yesterday's porridge is inadequate for the compressor.
4. The marigold birch leaves, nettle and inflorescence are taken into account in equal parts.As a result, you must receive two tablespoons.Fold the resulting chopped collection into a thermos, pour one liter of boiling water and leave overnight.Beginning four to five times a day in the morning, half a decoction should be made.The recipe is two to three months.

The tinctures of the bay leaf, horseradish, garlic and rye particles are also considered effective.Treatment of arthrosis with folk remedies is most effective when combined with treatment with medicines.

Meal in the joints

The principles of joint nutrition are reduced to the following points:

1. Do not eat heavy foods overnight so that you do not cause joint attack.
2. Eat in part.
3. Constantly monitor weight to avoid growth of body weight,And that means additional burden on sore joints.
4. If the disease does not exacerbate, hike should be hike after a meal.
5. The menu should be balanced and compiled with your doctor.

There is no complaint about fish at all - of course, a lot can be used in reasonable quantities. 

1. Don't forget to regularly intake of foods on regular intake of vitamins.In patients with arthrosis, vitamins B are particularly relevant
2. It plays an important role in the treatment of arthrosis.Such foods will be a true storage of trace elements of sore joints.The most important component of the cold is natural collagen.
3. Vitamin B promotes the production of hemoglobin.Banana, nuts, cabbage and potatoes can be "obtained".It is worth taking the vegetation and legumes.It will be a source of folic acid.The liver, fungi, dairy products and eggs will be useful.Rich in Riboflavin.

By observing the treatment regime prescribed by the doctor, it can be achieved that the disease retreats and the injured tissues begin to recover.

Prevention

Prevention of arthrosis begins with proper nutrition.You should try to reduce salt consumption as well as a substance that may interfere with metabolism.These include legumes, fatty meat, alcohol.The diet includes cabbage, greens and fish.

In order to prevent arthrosis, take part in physical education classes and heat equipment.If possible, it is better to cross a few kilometers on foot.It is also important to monitor your weight and prevent weight gain as this results in further load on inflamed joints.It is not recommended to take tablets for weight loss as they can interfere with the body's metabolism.

Forecast

Life forecast is favorable.The unfavorability of the social and labor forecast depends on the timeliness of the diagnosis and the beginning of treatment, reducing the elimination of surgical treatment of the disease if necessary.